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Visual Basic Graphics Programming (2nd Edition)
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Visual Basic Graphics Programming 2nd Edition.iso
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OBJFRACT.CLS
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1996-05-04
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VERSION 1.0 CLASS
BEGIN
MultiUse = -1 'True
END
Attribute VB_Name = "ObjFractalGrid"
Attribute VB_Creatable = False
Attribute VB_Exposed = False
Option Explicit
Private Xmin As Single ' Min X and Y values.
Private Zmin As Single
Private Dx As Single ' Spacing between rows of data.
Private Dz As Single
Private NumX As Integer ' Number of X and Y entries.
Private NumZ As Integer
Private Points() As Point3D ' Data values.
Private RemoveHidden As Boolean ' Remove hidden surfaces?
' ************************************************
' Generate the fractal surface.
' ************************************************
Public Sub GenerateSurface(divisions As Integer, Dy As Single)
Dim oldpoints() As Point3D
Dim oldx As Integer
Dim oldz As Integer
Dim factor As Integer
Dim newx As Integer
Dim newz As Integer
Dim i As Integer
Dim j As Integer
Dim newi As Integer
Dim newj As Integer
' Make room for the new data.
factor = 2 ^ divisions
newx = (NumX - 1) * factor + 1
newz = (NumZ - 1) * factor + 1
' Copy the original data.
ReDim oldpoints(1 To NumX, 1 To NumZ)
For i = 1 To NumX
For j = 1 To NumZ
oldpoints(i, j) = Points(i, j)
Next j
Next i
' Resize and initialize the Points array.
oldx = NumX
oldz = NumZ
SetBounds Xmin, Dx / factor, newx, _
Zmin, Dz / factor, newz
' Move the data to new positions.
newi = 1
For i = 1 To oldx
newj = 1
For j = 1 To oldz
Points(newi, newj) = oldpoints(i, j)
newj = newj + factor
Next j
newi = newi + factor
Next i
' Subdivide each area in the data.
newi = 1
For i = 2 To oldx
newj = 1
For j = 2 To oldz
Subdivide newi, newi + factor, _
newj, newj + factor, Dy
newj = newj + factor
Next j
newi = newi + factor
Next i
End Sub
' ************************************************
' Let the user decide if we should draw hidden
' surfaces.
' ************************************************
Property Let ShowHidden(value As Boolean)
RemoveHidden = Not value
End Property
' ************************************************
' Tell the user if we are drawing hidden surfaces.
' ************************************************
Property Get ShowHidden() As Boolean
ShowHidden = Not RemoveHidden
End Property
' ************************************************
' Draw a line between the points. Set the hi and
' lo values for the line.
' ************************************************
Sub DrawAndSetLine(canvas As Object, ByVal x1 As Single, ByVal y1 As Single, ByVal x2 As Single, ByVal y2 As Single, hi() As Integer, lo() As Integer)
Dim tmp As Single
Dim ix As Integer
Dim iy As Integer
Dim y As Single
Dim Dy As Single
' Deal only with integers.
x1 = CInt(x1)
y1 = CInt(y1)
x2 = CInt(x2)
y2 = CInt(y2)
' Make x1 < x2.
If x2 < x1 Then
tmp = x1
x1 = x2
x2 = tmp
tmp = y1
y1 = y2
y2 = tmp
End If
' Draw the line.
canvas.Line (x1, y1)-(x2, y2)
' Deal with vertical lines separately.
If x1 = x2 Then
If y1 < y2 Then
lo(x1) = y1
hi(x1) = y2
Else
lo(x1) = y2
hi(x1) = y1
End If
Exit Sub
End If
' Deal with non-vertical lines.
Dy = (y2 - y1) / CInt(x2 - x1)
y = y1
For ix = x1 To x2
iy = CInt(y)
lo(ix) = iy
hi(ix) = iy
y = y + Dy
Next ix
End Sub
' ************************************************
' Draw a line between the points using and
' updating the hi and lo arrays.
' ************************************************
Sub DrawLine(canvas As Object, ByVal x1 As Single, ByVal y1 As Single, ByVal x2 As Single, ByVal y2 As Single, hi() As Integer, lo() As Integer)
Dim tmp As Single
Dim ix As Integer
Dim iy As Integer
Dim y As Single
Dim Dy As Single
Dim firstx As Integer
Dim firsty As Integer
Dim skipping As Boolean
Dim above As Boolean
' Deal only with integers.
x1 = CInt(x1)
y1 = CInt(y1)
x2 = CInt(x2)
y2 = CInt(y2)
' Make x1 < x2.
If x2 < x1 Then
tmp = x1
x1 = x2
x2 = tmp
tmp = y1
y1 = y2
y2 = tmp
End If
' Deal with vertical lines separately.
If x1 = x2 Then
' Make y1 < y2.
If y2 < y1 Then
tmp = y1
y1 = y2
y2 = tmp
End If
If y1 <= lo(x1) Then
If y2 <= lo(x1) Then
canvas.Line (x1, y1)-(x2, y2)
Else
canvas.Line (x1, y1)-(x2, lo(x2))
End If
lo(x1) = y1
End If
If y2 >= hi(x2) Then
If y1 >= hi(x2) Then
canvas.Line (x1, y1)-(x2, y2)
Else
canvas.Line (x1, hi(x1))-(x2, y2)
End If
hi(x2) = y2
End If
Exit Sub
End If
' Deal with non-vertical lines.
Dy = (y2 - y1) / CInt(x2 - x1)
y = y1
' Find the first visible point.
skipping = True
For ix = x1 To x2
iy = CInt(y)
' See if this point is visible.
If iy <= lo(ix) Then
If skipping Then
' Start a new line below.
firstx = ix
firsty = lo(ix)
skipping = False
above = False
End If
ElseIf iy >= hi(ix) Then
If skipping Then
' Start a new line above.
firstx = ix
firsty = hi(ix)
skipping = False
above = True
End If
Else
' This point is not visible.
If Not skipping Then
' Draw the previous visible line.
If above Then
' The line is coming from
' above. Connect it to hi(ix).
canvas.Line (firstx, firsty)-(ix, hi(ix))
Else
' The line is coming from
' below. Connect it to lo(ix).
canvas.Line (firstx, firsty)-(ix, lo(ix))
End If
skipping = True
End If
End If
If iy < lo(ix) Then lo(ix) = iy
If iy > hi(ix) Then hi(ix) = iy
y = y + Dy
Next ix
' Draw to the last point if necessary.
If Not skipping Then _
canvas.Line (firstx, firsty)-(x2, y2)
End Sub
' ************************************************
' Create the Points array.
' ************************************************
Sub SetBounds(x1 As Single, deltax As Single, xnum As Integer, z1 As Single, deltaz As Single, znum As Integer)
Dim i As Integer
Dim j As Integer
Dim x As Single
Dim z As Single
Xmin = x1
Zmin = z1
Dx = deltax
Dz = deltaz
NumX = xnum
NumZ = znum
ReDim Points(1 To NumX, 1 To NumZ)
x = Xmin
For i = 1 To NumX
z = Zmin
For j = 1 To NumZ
Points(i, j).coord(1) = x
Points(i, j).coord(2) = 0
Points(i, j).coord(3) = z
Points(i, j).coord(4) = 1#
z = z + Dz
Next j
x = x + Dx
Next i
End Sub
' ************************************************
' Recursively subdivide the indicated area.
' ************************************************
Private Sub Subdivide(i1 As Integer, i2 As Integer, j1 As Integer, j2 As Integer, Dy As Single)
Dim y11 As Single
Dim y12 As Single
Dim y21 As Single
Dim y22 As Single
Dim imid As Integer
Dim jmid As Integer
If i2 - i1 <= 1 Or j2 - j1 <= 1 Then Exit Sub
' Compute the midpoint locations.
y11 = Points(i1, j1).coord(2)
y12 = Points(i1, j2).coord(2)
y21 = Points(i2, j1).coord(2)
y22 = Points(i2, j2).coord(2)
imid = (i1 + i2) \ 2
jmid = (j1 + j2) \ 2
Points(i1, jmid).coord(2) = (y11 + y12) / 2 + 2 * Dy * Rnd - Dy
Points(i2, jmid).coord(2) = (y21 + y22) / 2 + 2 * Dy * Rnd - Dy
Points(imid, j1).coord(2) = (y11 + y21) / 2 + 2 * Dy * Rnd - Dy
Points(imid, j2).coord(2) = (y12 + y22) / 2 + 2 * Dy * Rnd - Dy
Points(imid, jmid).coord(2) = (y11 + y12 + y21 + y22) / 4 + 2 * Dy * Rnd - Dy
' Recursively subdivide the four new areas.
Subdivide i1, imid, j1, jmid, Dy / 2
Subdivide imid, i2, j1, jmid, Dy / 2
Subdivide i1, imid, jmid, j2, Dy / 2
Subdivide imid, i2, jmid, j2, Dy / 2
End Sub
' ************************************************
' Save the indicated data value.
' ************************************************
Sub SetValue(x As Single, y As Single, z As Single)
Dim i As Integer
Dim j As Integer
i = (x - Xmin) / Dx + 1
j = (z - Zmin) / Dz + 1
Points(i, j).coord(2) = y
End Sub
' ***********************************************
' Return a string indicating the object type.
' ***********************************************
Property Get ObjectType() As String
ObjectType = "FRACTALGRID"
End Property
' ***********************************************
' Fix the data coordinates at their transformed
' values.
' ***********************************************
Public Sub FixPoints()
Dim i As Integer
Dim j As Integer
Dim k As Integer
For i = 1 To NumX
For j = 1 To NumZ
For k = 1 To 3
Points(i, j).coord(k) = Points(i, j).trans(k)
Next k
Next j
Next i
End Sub
' ************************************************
' Apply a transformation matrix which may not
' contain 0, 0, 0, 1 in the last column to the
' object.
' ************************************************
Public Sub ApplyFull(M() As Single)
Dim i As Integer
Dim j As Integer
For i = 1 To NumX
For j = 1 To NumZ
m3ApplyFull Points(i, j).coord, M, Points(i, j).trans
Next j
Next i
End Sub
' ************************************************
' Apply a transformation matrix to the object.
' ************************************************
Public Sub Apply(M() As Single)
Dim i As Integer
Dim j As Integer
For i = 1 To NumX
For j = 1 To NumZ
m3Apply Points(i, j).coord, M, Points(i, j).trans
Next j
Next i
End Sub
' ************************************************
' Apply a nonlinear transformation.
' ************************************************
Public Sub Distort(D As Object)
Dim i As Integer
Dim j As Integer
For i = 1 To NumX
For j = 1 To NumZ
D.Distort Points(i, j).coord(1), Points(i, j).coord(2), Points(i, j).coord(3)
Next j
Next i
End Sub
' ************************************************
' Draw the grid without hidden surfaces using the
' hi-lo algorithm.
' ************************************************
Public Sub DrawWithoutHidden(canvas As Object, Optional R As Variant)
Dim Xmin As Integer
Dim Xmax As Integer
Dim lo() As Integer
Dim hi() As Integer
Dim ix As Integer
Dim i As Integer
Dim j As Integer
' Bound the X values.
Xmin = Points(1, 1).trans(1)
Xmax = Xmin
For i = 1 To NumX
For j = 1 To NumZ
ix = CInt(Points(i, j).trans(1))
If Xmin > ix Then Xmin = ix
If Xmax < ix Then Xmax = ix
Next j
Next i
' Create the hi and lo arrays.
ReDim lo(Xmin To Xmax)
ReDim hi(Xmin To Xmax)
' Draw the X and Z front edges.
For i = 2 To NumX
' Draw the edge between
' Points(i - 1, NumZ) and Points(i, NumZ)
' and set hi and lo for its values.
DrawAndSetLine canvas, _
Points(i - 1, NumZ).trans(1), _
Points(i - 1, NumZ).trans(2), _
Points(i, NumZ).trans(1), _
Points(i, NumZ).trans(2), _
hi, lo
Next i
For i = 2 To NumZ
' Draw the edge between
' Points(NumX, i - 1) and Points(NumX, i)
' and set hi and lo for its values.
DrawAndSetLine canvas, _
Points(NumX, i - 1).trans(1), _
Points(NumX, i - 1).trans(2), _
Points(NumX, i).trans(1), _
Points(NumX, i).trans(2), _
hi, lo
Next i
' Draw the "rectangles."
For i = NumX - 1 To 1 Step -1
For j = NumZ - 1 To 1 Step -1
' Draw the edges between:
' Points(i, j) and Points(i + 1, j)
' Points(i, j) and Points(i, j + 1)
' If the right side of the "rectangle"
' leans over the top like this:
' +_
' | \_
' | \_
' + \_
' \ \
' +------+
' draw the top first so the right side
' doesn't make hi() too bit and stop
' the top from being drawn.
'
' This only happens with perspective
' projection.
If Points(i + 1, j).trans(1) >= Points(i, j).trans(1) Then
DrawLine canvas, _
Points(i, j).trans(1), _
Points(i, j).trans(2), _
Points(i, j + 1).trans(1), _
Points(i, j + 1).trans(2), _
hi, lo
DrawLine canvas, _
Points(i, j).trans(1), _
Points(i, j).trans(2), _
Points(i + 1, j).trans(1), _
Points(i + 1, j).trans(2), _
hi, lo
Else
DrawLine canvas, _
Points(i, j).trans(1), _
Points(i, j).trans(2), _
Points(i + 1, j).trans(1), _
Points(i + 1, j).trans(2), _
hi, lo
DrawLine canvas, _
Points(i, j).trans(1), _
Points(i, j).trans(2), _
Points(i, j + 1).trans(1), _
Points(i, j + 1).trans(2), _
hi, lo
End If
Next j
Next i
End Sub
' ************************************************
' Draw the grid including hidden surfaces.
' ************************************************
Public Sub DrawWithHidden(canvas As Object, Optional R As Variant)
Dim i As Integer
Dim j As Integer
On Error Resume Next
' Draw lines parallel to the X axis.
For i = 1 To NumX
canvas.CurrentX = Points(i, 1).trans(1)
canvas.CurrentY = Points(i, 1).trans(2)
For j = 2 To NumZ
canvas.Line -(Points(i, j).trans(1), _
Points(i, j).trans(2))
Next j
Next i
' Draw lines parallel to the Y axis.
For j = 1 To NumZ
canvas.CurrentX = Points(1, j).trans(1)
canvas.CurrentY = Points(1, j).trans(2)
For i = 2 To NumX
canvas.Line -(Points(i, j).trans(1), _
Points(i, j).trans(2))
Next i
Next j
End Sub
' ************************************************
' Draw the transformed points on a Form, Printer,
' or PictureBox.
' ************************************************
Public Sub Draw(canvas As Object, Optional R As Variant)
If RemoveHidden Then
DrawWithoutHidden canvas, R
Else
DrawWithHidden canvas, R
End If
End Sub
' ************************************************
' Write a grid to a file using Write.
' Begin with "FRACTALGRID" to identify this object.
' ************************************************
Public Sub FileWrite(filenum As Integer)
Dim i As Integer
Dim j As Integer
' Write basic information.
Write #filenum, _
"FRACTALGRID", Xmin, Zmin, Dx, Dz, NumX, NumZ
' Write the Z values.
For i = 1 To NumX
For j = 1 To NumZ
Write #filenum, Points(i, j).coord(2)
Next j
Next i
End Sub
' ************************************************
' Read a grid from a file using Input.
' Assume the "FRACTALGRID" label has alreaDz been
' read.
' ************************************************
Public Sub FileInput(filenum As Integer)
Dim i As Integer
Dim j As Integer
' Get the basic information.
Input #filenum, Xmin, Zmin, Dx, Dz, NumX, NumZ
' Allocate the Points array and set the X and
' Y values.
SetBounds Xmin, Dx, NumX, Zmin, Dz, NumZ
' Read the Z values.
For i = 1 To NumX
For j = 1 To NumZ
Input #filenum, Points(i, j).coord(2)
Next j
Next i
End Sub